Double taxation refers to the taxation of the same income at two different levels, typically at the corporate and individual levels. This often occurs when income is taxed once at the corporate level and again at the shareholder level when dividends are distributed.
Regressive taxation refers to a tax system where the tax burden falls more heavily on those with lower incomes compared to those with higher incomes. This is in direct contrast to progressive and proportional taxation systems.
The tax base refers to the collective value of property, income, or other taxable assets and activities that are subject to taxation. It is crucial in determining tax revenues as it forms the basis upon which tax rates are applied.
Tax equalization ensures that taxpayers within the same jurisdiction pay similar amounts for equivalent properties, contributing to a fairer property tax system.
