Definition
An Underground Storage Tank (UST) is a storage container and its associated piping that exists primarily below the surface of the ground. These tanks are commonly used for storing petroleum products, hazardous substances, and other materials that could pose environmental and health risks if released. The containment provided by USTs helps minimize the risk of leaks and contamination of groundwater and soil.
Examples
- Gas Stations: The tanks that store gasoline and diesel fuel are often USTs, storing large quantities of fuel below the ground.
- Industrial Facilities: Large manufacturing plants often have UST systems to store chemicals and hazardous materials used in production processes.
- Military Bases: Bases frequently have UST infrastructures for storing various fuels and possibly hazardous chemicals necessary for base operations.
- Commercial Properties: Certain commercial buildings, such as automotive repair shops, may utilize USTs for the storage of oil and other automotive fluids.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q: What regulations apply to USTs?
A: USTs are governed by the federal regulations encapsulated in 40 CFR Part 280, which sets standards for design and maintenance to prevent releases and ensure leak detection and cleanup.
Q: Who is responsible for maintaining USTs?
A: The owner and operator of the UST are responsible for maintaining it in accordance with federal and state regulations, including performing regular inspections and maintaining records.
Q: What materials can be stored in USTs?
A: USTs can store a variety of substances, notably petroleum products like gasoline and diesel, as well as other hazardous materials such as chemicals used in industrial processes.
Q: What are common signs of a leaking UST?
A: Signs of a leaking UST may include unusual odors, visible stains or liquid on the ground, sudden loss of product from the tank, and detection of contaminants in soil or groundwater tests.
Q: How is UST cleanup handled?
A: Cleanup of UST leaks involves identifying the source and extent of contamination, removing contaminated soil, and possibly treating affected groundwater. Costs are often covered by specific insurance or federal and state programs designed to manage UST spills.
- Aboveground Storage Tank (AST): A tank primarily located above ground used for storing similar substances as USTs but easier to inspect and maintain.
- Spill Bucket: A device installed around the fill pipe of a UST to collect small spills when the tank is being refilled.
- Leak Detection System: Equipment and protocols designed to detect leaks in USTs to prevent environmental contamination.
- Release: Any spill, leak, or discharge of a hazardous substance from a UST into the environment.
Online Resources
References
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. “Underground Storage Tanks (USTs)”. Available at: https://www.epa.gov/ust
- National Association of Convenience Stores. “UST Compliance”. Available at: https://www.convenience.org
Suggested Books for Further Studies
- “For Good Measure: The Rhythms and Routines of Measurement in Everyday Science” by Peter Galison
- “Introduction to Environmental Engineering” by Mackenzie L. Davis and David A. Cornwell
- “Petroleum Storage and Transportation” by Nail Roque
Real Estate Basics: Underground Storage Tank (UST) Fundamentals Quiz
### What part of a UST system must be underground for it to qualify as a UST?
- [ ] Only the tank must be underground.
- [ ] Only the piping must be underground.
- [x] At least 10% of the combined volume of the tank and piping.
- [ ] The tank must be completely underground.
> **Explanation:** To qualify as a UST, at least 10% of the combined volume of the tank and its associated piping must be underground. This definition helps in identifying USTs that might pose environmental risks if not properly managed.
### What standard is primarily used to regulate USTs in the United States?
- [ ] NFPA 30
- [x] 40 CFR Part 280
- [ ] ASTM D1998
- [ ] FAA regulations
> **Explanation:** USTs are regulated under 40 CFR Part 280, which prescribes technical standards for UST systems, including installation, operation, and regulations for preventing and addressing leaks.
### What is a common indicator of a leaking UST?
- [ ] Elevated tank temperature
- [ ] Increased tank pressure
- [ ] Decreased water levels in adjacent wells
- [x] Unusual smells and visible signs of liquid or stains on the ground
> **Explanation:** Signs of a leaking UST include unusual smells, visible stains or liquid on the ground, and sudden loss of product in the tank, as well as other environmental clues such as contamination of local groundwater.
### Who is responsible for the maintenance and regulation compliance of USTs?
- [ ] The local municipal government
- [ ] The state environmental protection agency
- [x] The owner and operator of the UST
- [ ] The product supplier
> **Explanation:** The owners and operators of USTs are responsible for ensuring their proper maintenance, conducting regular inspections, and adhering to federal and state regulatory requirements.
### What kind of products are typically stored in USTs?
- [ ] Clean drinking water
- [x] Petroleum products and hazardous substances
- [ ] Bulk feed grains
- [ ] Sand and gravel
> **Explanation:** USTs are commonly used to store petroleum products like gasoline and diesel fuel, along with other hazardous substances, due to their risk of environmental contamination when stored improperly.
### How are leaks in UST systems usually detected?
- [ ] By observing the tank color change
- [ ] By checking air humidity levels
- [ ] By satellite imaging
- [x] By using leak detection systems and monitoring environmental indicators
> **Explanation:** Leaks in UST systems are typically detected using various leak detection systems and through environmental monitoring such as testing soil and groundwater around the tank area.
### What percentage of a UST and related piping needs to be inspected annually?
- [ ] 25%
- [ ] 50%
- [x] 100%
- [ ] 10%
> **Explanation:** According to regulatory standards, 100% of the UST system, including all associated piping, needs to be inspected at least annually to ensure system integrity and prevent leaks.
### What government agency oversees the national regulation of USTs in the United States?
- [ ] The Federal Trade Commission (FTC)
- [ ] The Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
- [x] The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
- [ ] The Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)
> **Explanation:** The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) oversees the national regulation of USTs, ensuring that the systems adhere to prescribed standards for environmental protection.
### What is the primary environmental risk associated with USTs?
- [ ] Air pollution
- [ ] Noise pollution
- [x] Groundwater contamination
- [ ] Urban heat islands
> **Explanation:** The primary environmental risk associated with USTs is groundwater contamination. If the tanks or piping develop leaks, the stored hazardous substances can seep into the ground and contaminate local water supplies.
### Which type of UST would most likely be exempt from regulation under 40 CFR Part 280?
- [ ] A UST storing automobile gasoline at a retail gas station
- [ ] A UST storing diesel fuel at a trucking terminal
- [ ] A UST that contains heating oil used onsite at a residential property
- [ ] A UST with hazardous chemicals at an industrial plant
> **Explanation:** USTs that contain heating oil used onsite at residential properties are typically exempt from regulation under 40 CFR Part 280. The broader regulatory focus is on USTs that pose risks due to the nature of stored substances and potential for widespread environmental damage.
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