Definition
A retaining wall is a constructed barrier that holds back soil, rock, or water. These walls are foundational elements in landscape architecture and engineering, providing structural support for terrain alteration in projects managing natural movements of soil and water.
Examples
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Residential Retaining Wall: A homeowner constructs a concrete retaining wall in their backyard to create flat space for gardening and to prevent the soil from eroding due to heavy rain.
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Commercial Development: A shopping mall uses a terraced retaining wall system in the parking lot design to stabilize the varying slopes and provide accessibility and drainage.
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Flood Management Structure: In an area prone to flooding, engineers may build a retaining wall by the riverbanks to redirect water flow and reduce flood damage to nearby properties.
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the common materials used in building retaining walls?
Common materials for retaining walls include concrete blocks, poured concrete, treated timbers, rocks, and boulders. The choice of material depends on the wall’s intended function, aesthetic preferences, budget, and site conditions.
Do retaining walls need drainage?
Yes, proper drainage is crucial for retaining walls. Without adequate drainage, water can accumulate behind the wall, increasing pressure and possibly causing structural failure. Drainpipes and weep holes are common drainage solutions to prevent this.
How long do retaining walls last?
The lifespan of a retaining wall depends on the materials used, design, environmental factors, and maintenance. Generally, concrete and stone retaining walls can last for several decades, while timber walls might have a shorter lifespan.
Can I build a retaining wall myself?
It is possible to build a small retaining wall as a DIY project, especially with user-friendly materials like landscaping blocks. However, larger or more complex retaining walls, particularly those requiring significant structural integrity or cuts into slopes, should be designed and constructed by professionals.
Do retaining walls require a permit?
Permit requirements vary by location and the wall’s height or intended use. In many places, retaining walls over a certain height (often 3-4 feet) require a permit and engineering review to ensure safety and compliance with local building codes.
Related Terms with Definitions
- Erosion Control: Practices, including the use of retaining walls, to prevent soil erosion.
- Grade: The slope of the land, which retaining walls help to stabilize.
- Backfill: Material used to refill an excavation, especially behind a retaining wall.
- Footing: The part of a retaining wall’s foundation that spreads the load to prevent settling.
- Geotextile: A fabric used in retaining wall construction to provide added reinforcement and drainage.
Online Resources
- National Concrete Masonry Association – Retaining Wall Resources
- The American Society of Landscape Architects – Best Practices in Retaining Wall Construction
- DIY Network – How to Build a Retaining Wall
References
- Walker, Max. “Retaining Walls: Design and Solutions,” Journal of Landscaping Architecture, 2018
- Smith, Jane. “The Impact of Retaining Walls on Soil Stability,” Engineering Review, 2021
Suggested Books for Further Studies
- “Retaining Wall Design Guide” by Robert Spangler
- “The Art of Erosion Control” by Peter Robbins
- “Practical Landscaping with Retaining Walls” by Catherine Fellows
- “Engineering Geology and Retaining Walls” by Michael J. Geary
