Definition: Functional Modern or Contemporary House
A Functional Modern or Contemporary House refers to a style of residential architecture that emerged in the post-World War II era. This style is characterized by an emphasis on functional design, the utilization of modern materials, and the seamless integration of indoor and outdoor spaces to create a unified living environment. The exterior design of these homes is often a crucial part of the overall aesthetic and operational concept, focusing on simplicity and practicality.
Key Characteristics
- Functional Design: Streamlined, clean lines and practical layouts that focus on the efficient use of space.
- Modern Materials: Use of steel, glass, concrete, and other materials that represent contemporary design trends.
- Integration of Spaces: Harmonious blending of indoor and outdoor living areas to enhance the sense of space and connection with nature.
Examples of Functional Modern or Contemporary Houses
Example 1: Eames House (Case Study House No. 8)
Located in Los Angeles, California, and designed by Charles and Ray Eames in 1949, this house exemplifies the integration of modern materials and the seamless connection between indoor and outdoor spaces.
Example 2: Farnsworth House by Mies van der Rohe
Built in 1951 along the Fox River near Plano, Illinois, this house is renowned for its minimalistic design and the use of glass walls that blur the boundaries between the interior and the surrounding natural environment.
Example 3: The Stahl House (Case Study House No. 22)
Designed by Pierre Koenig in 1960, located in the Hollywood Hills of Los Angeles, this house epitomizes modern architectural principles with its open floor plan and extensive use of glass.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. What distinguishes a Functional Modern house from other modern styles?
Functional Modern houses prioritize practicality in their design, often at the expense of ornamental features, focusing instead on simplicity and efficiency.
2. Are Functional Modern houses energy-efficient?
Yes, these houses often incorporate energy-efficient materials and design principles, such as large windows for natural light and ventilation.
3. How do Functional Modern houses integrate indoor and outdoor spaces?
They achieve this through features like sliding glass doors, expansive windows, and patios or decks that extend the living space outward.
4. Can older homes be renovated to embody the Functional Modern style?
Yes, existing homes can often be remodeled to incorporate key elements of this style, such as open floor plans and the use of modern materials.
Mid-Century Modern
A design movement in interior, product, and architectural design that encompasses the period from the mid-20th century, adopting a similar emphasis on simplicity and integration of nature.
Minimalist Architecture
An architectural style that eschews decoration in favor of function, simplicity, and the use of natural light and space.
International Style
An architectural style that emerged in the 1920s and 1930s, characterized by simplistic forms, the use of glass, steel, and concrete, and a lack of ornamentation.
Online Resources
- Dwell Magazine: Offers extensive coverage on modern and contemporary homes.
- Architectural Digest: Features articles on iconic modern and contemporary homes.
- Houzz: An online platform providing ideas and resources for modern home design.
References
- “Modern Architecture Since 1900” by William J.R. Curtis.
- “Case Study Houses: The Complete CSH Program” by Elizabeth A.T. Smith.
- “The Architecture of Happiness” by Alain de Botton.
Suggested Books for Further Studies
- “Modern Architecture Since 1900” by William J.R. Curtis
- “The International Style” by Henry-Russell Hitchcock and Philip Johnson
- “The Birth of the Modern House: The Dutch Example” by Willemijn Wilms Floet
Real Estate Basics: Functional Modern or Contemporary House Fundamentals Quiz
### What is a primary characteristic of a Functional Modern house?
- [x] The use of modern materials and functional design
- [ ] Ornate decorations
- [ ] Historical architectural elements
- [ ] Exclusive use of wood in construction
> **Explanation:** The primary characteristic of a Functional Modern house is the use of modern materials like glass, steel, and the adoption of functional, practical design approaches.
### Who designed the Eames House, an example of Functional Modern architecture?
- [ ] Le Corbusier
- [x] Charles and Ray Eames
- [ ] Frank Lloyd Wright
- [ ] Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
> **Explanation:** Charles and Ray Eames designed the Eames House, which is a classic representation of post-WWII Functional Modern architecture with its use of simple lines and modern materials.
### Which key element distinguishes Functional Modern houses from other styles?
- [ ] Highly decorative interior
- [ ] Use of traditional building methods
- [ ] Ornamental facades
- [x] Seamless integration of indoor and outdoor spaces
> **Explanation:** One key element of Functional Modern houses is their seamless integration of indoor and outdoor spaces, often achieved through large glass windows and open layouts.
### What materials are commonly used in the construction of Functional Modern houses?
- [x] Steel, glass, and concrete
- [ ] Brick, wood, and stucco
- [ ] Stone, adobe, and shingles
- [ ] Straw, mud, and bamboo
> **Explanation:** Functional Modern houses commonly utilize modern materials such as steel, glass, and concrete to achieve their streamlined, functional designs.
### What kind of layout do Functional Modern houses often have?
- [ ] Compartmentalized with small rooms
- [ ] Random and irregular
- [x] Open and practical
- [ ] Narrow and elongated
> **Explanation:** Functional Modern houses often have open and practical layouts, which efficiently use space and promote a seamless flow between areas.
### What is the historical era of Functional Modern houses?
- [ ] Pre-World War I
- [ ] Victorian Era
- [ ] Early 19th Century
- [x] Post-World War II
> **Explanation:** Functional Modern houses are predominantly from the post-World War II era, reflecting the advancements in materials and design principles of that time.
### How do Functional Modern houses usually treat their exterior design?
- [ ] Highly ornate
- [ ] Symmetrical with classical elements
- [x] As an integral part of the overall design
- [ ] Mimicking historical styles
> **Explanation:** The exterior design of Functional Modern houses is considered an integral part of the overall aesthetic and practical design, focusing on simplicity and unity with the environment.
### What key feature allows Functional Modern houses to make efficient use of natural light?
- [ ] Thick walls
- [x] Expansive windows
- [ ] Small, cozy rooms
- [ ] Extensive use of curtains
> **Explanation:** The use of expansive windows allows Functional Modern houses to make efficient use of natural light, enhancing the integration of interior and exterior spaces.
### What aspect of nature do Functional Modern houses aim to integrate through design?
- [x] The outdoors
- [ ] Urban landscapes
- [ ] Industrial environments
- [ ] Historic urban areas
> **Explanation:** The design of Functional Modern houses aims to integrate the outdoors through features like large windows and open patios, creating a seamless flow between indoor and outdoor spaces.
### Is it possible to renovate older homes into Functional Modern style homes?
- [x] Yes
- [ ] No
- [ ] Only if they are originally modern
- [ ] It depends on the age of the home
> **Explanation:** Yes, older homes can often be renovated to incorporate elements of the Functional Modern style, such as open floor plans and the use of modern materials and design principles.
