Definition
Floor-Area Ratio (FAR) is a ratio of a building’s total floor area to the size of the plot of land upon which it is built. FAR is an essential metric in real estate development and urban planning as it determines the building density and how much construction is permissible on a given plot. The formula for calculating FAR is:
\[ \text{FAR} = \frac{\text{Total building floor area}}{\text{Total plot area}} \]
FAR serves to control the size, bulk, and height of buildings to ensure that zoning regulations are adhered to and urban spaces are used efficiently without overcrowding.
Examples
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Example 1: Residential Building
- A residential plot measures 10,000 square feet.
- The total floor area of the proposed building is 20,000 square feet.
- The FAR will be calculated as: \( \text{FAR} = \frac{20,000 , \text{sq. ft.}}{10,000 , \text{sq. ft.}} = 2.0 \).
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Example 2: Commercial Complex
- A commercial plot is 15,000 square feet.
- The multi-story complex planned on this plot has a total floor area of 45,000 square feet.
- The FAR is: \( \text{FAR} = \frac{45,000 , \text{sq. ft.}}{15,000 , \text{sq. ft.}} = 3.0 \).
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What is the importance of Floor-Area Ratio (FAR) in urban planning?
FAR is crucial in urban planning as it manages building density, ensures adequate light and air, and maintains the balance between built-up spaces and open areas. It helps planners control overcrowding and maintain the character of neighborhoods.
How is FAR different from Plot Coverage?
FAR measures the total building floor area relative to the plot size, while plot coverage refers to the percentage of the plot that can be covered by the building footprint. Both are used together to control building mass and open space.
Who sets the FAR limits?
FAR limits are set by local government zoning regulations. These limits can vary based on the type of zone (residential, commercial, industrial) and specific community planning goals.
Can FAR be modified?
Modifications to FAR are possible through special zoning approvals or variances. However, such changes usually require a review process and compliance with specific conditions set by local planning authorities.
How does FAR affect property value?
A higher allowable FAR can increase property value because it allows for more development on a given plot, potentially leading to higher income from more or larger buildings.
Related Terms
- Zoning Regulations: Laws defining how specific parcels of land can be used in different areas. They help dictate the allowable FAR for different zones.
- Building Height Restrictions: Limits on the height of buildings, often used in conjunction with FAR to control urban density and the skyline.
- Setback Requirements: Regulations that determine the minimum distance a building must be from the property line, affecting the usable plot area and, in turn, the FAR.
- Density Bonus: A zoning tool that allows developers to build more floor area than normally permitted in exchange for providing public benefits like affordable housing or green space.
Online Resources
- American Planning Association (APA): A resource for planning professionals offering insights into FAR usage.
- Zillow Real Estate: Provides practical examples and implications of FAR in property listings.
- Urban Land Institute (ULI): Offers detailed case studies and research on FAR and its applications in urban planning.
References
- “Zoning Practice” by the American Planning Association (APA)
- “Urban Planning Today: FAR and Its Relevance” in Journal of Urban Development
- Local government zoning codes and regulations
Suggested Books for Further Studies
- “Urban Land Use Planning” by Philip Berke and David Godschalk
- “Site Planning and Design Handbook” by Thomas H. Russ
- “The Zoning Handbook” by Steven Silverman and Jerry L. Weaver
