Definition: Cumulative Zoning
Cumulative zoning is a type of zoning ordinance that allows uses in a lighter category (lower-intensity use) within areas zoned for heavier or more intense categories (higher-intensity use). It aims to provide flexibility in the use of land without strictly compartmentalizing it into single-use categories.
Examples
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Residential Areas:
- A community zoned R-12 allows up to 12 apartment units per acre. Under cumulative zoning, lower-density residential uses such as single-family homes (R-1, R-2) and lower-level multi-family units (R-4) are also permitted within the R-12 area.
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Commercial and Industrial Zones:
- A city that uses cumulative zoning may allow R-12 residential uses within areas zoned for commercial or industrial use. This is because residential use is generally considered less intense or “lighter” compared to commercial or industrial applications.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What is the primary benefit of cumulative zoning?
Cumulative zoning provides flexibility in land use planning, allowing for greater diversity in land development within a community. It can encourage mixed-use development, promoting proximity between residential, commercial, and even industrial uses.
How does cumulative zoning differ from exclusive or non-cumulative zoning?
Cumulative zoning allows for less intense uses within zones designated for more intense uses, providing flexibility. In contrast, exclusive zoning strictly segregates uses, meaning land zoned for a specific purpose can only be used for that designated use.
Can cumulative zoning lead to community issues?
While it promotes flexibility and diverse land use, cumulative zoning can also lead to conflicts between different uses, such as noise complaints from residents living near industrial areas. Proper planning and buffering can mitigate these issues.
How does cumulative zoning affect property values?
Cumulative zoning can make property more valuable by increasing its potential uses. However, this depends on market demand and how well mixed uses are managed within the community.
Are there restrictions on cumulative zoning?
Restrictions depend on local ordinances. Some local governments may have specific criteria or limits on how lighter uses are integrated into heavier use zones.
Related Terms
Euclidean Zoning
Euclidean zoning, also known as traditional zoning, involves dividing a community into distinct zones where specific land uses are permitted, prohibiting overlapping uses.
Mixed-Use Development
This type of development blends residential, commercial, cultural, institutional, or industrial uses, typically optimizing space within a community and making it possible for people to live, work, and play in a concentrated area.
Non-Conforming Use
Non-conforming use refers to a property use that doesn’t comply with current zoning regulations but is legally allowed because it existed before the these regulations were enacted.
Spot Zoning
This technique allows a small area within a larger zoned region to use the land in a way different from the surrounding area, often leading to mixed reactions from communities.
Online Resources
- American Planning Association (APA): Offers detailed resources and publications on zoning, land use, and community planning.
- Planetizen: Provides news, articles, and resources about urban planning and zoning best practices.
- Municipal Research and Services Center (MRSC): A valuable resource for understanding local government policies, including zoning regulations.
References
- “The Dynamics of Zoning Ordinances.” Journal of Urban Planning, 2020.
- Smith, J. “Cumulative Zoning Policies and Urban Development: An Analytical Perspective.” Urban Development Journal, 2018.
- Walker, D. “Zoning and Property Rights.” Real Estate Principles, 2nd Edition, 2019.
Suggested Books for Further Studies
- “Zoning Rules!: The Economics of Land Use Regulation” by William A. Fischel: A detailed analysis of how land use regulations impact communities and economies.
- “The Zoning Dictionary” by Cecil C. Konijnendijk: This comprehensive guide delves into various zoning terminologies and principles.
- “Urban Land Use Planning” by Philip R. Berke, David R. Godschalk, Edward J. Kaiser, and Daniel A. Rodriguez: A fundamental read for understanding the intricacies of urban planning and zoning.
