Artesian Well

Definition

An artesian well is a type of well where the groundwater, accessed by drilling into a confined aquifer, rises above the initial water table without the need for mechanical pumping. This occurs due to the natural pressure in the aquifer which forces the water upwards, often reaching the surface.

Examples

Rural Farmlands: On rural farmlands, especially in valleys, artesian wells are drilled to access naturally pressurized water, aiding in irrigation without the need for pumps.
Municipal Water Supply: In some towns, artesian wells provide a sustainable and cost-effective water supply for the community’s needs.
Bottled Water Industry: Artesian wells are often tapped by the bottled water industry for their consistent water quality and naturally filtered water supply.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is an Artesian Aquifer?

An artesian aquifer is a confined aquifer containing groundwater under positive pressure. This pressure causes the water to rise when tapped by a well.

How do Artesian Wells Form?

Artesian wells form when a well taps into a confined aquifer with enough natural pressure to force water to the surface without mechanical aid.

Are Artesian Wells Always Flowing?

No, not all artesian wells flow continuously. While many have a permanent flow, some may require control measures to maintain a steady water output.

Is the Water from Artesian Wells Pure?

Water from artesian wells is typically filtered through layers of rock and sediment, leading to high purity. However, it still requires testing before deemed safe for consumption.

How Deep Are Artesian Wells?

The depth of artesian wells can vary significantly, ranging from a few tens of meters to several hundred meters, depending on the location and the aquifer’s depth.

Aquifer: A body of permeable rock that can contain or transmit groundwater.
Confined Aquifer: An aquifer bounded above and below by layers of less permeable material, creating pressure.
Hydrostatic Pressure: The pressure exerted by the weight of water in confined spaces, essential for artesian wells.
Well Casing: A pipe placed in the drilled well to maintain the well opening, source of artesian waters.

Online Resources

References

Todd, D. K., & Mays, L. W., “Groundwater Hydrology,” Wiley Global Education.
Freeze, R. A., & Cherry, J. A., “Groundwater,” Prentice Hall.

Suggested Books for Further Studies

“Groundwater Science” by Charles R. Fitts: A comprehensive guide to groundwater science including aspects of artesian wells.
“Introduction to Hydrogeology” by John D. Hem: Basic principles of hydrogeology, its practices, and its context.
“Water Wells and Boreholes” by Bruce Misstear, David Banks, Lewis Clark: Detailed insights into the construction, maintenance, and function of water wells including artesian wells.

Real Estate Basics: Artesian Well Fundamentals Quiz

### What is one key characteristic that distinguishes an artesian well from other types of wells? - [ ] Requires a pump to extract water - [x] Water rises due to natural pressure - [ ] Mediated by river inflows - [ ] Supplies saltwater > **Explanation:** An artesian well is distinguished by water rising to the surface due to natural underground pressure without the need for mechanical pumping. ### What type of aquifer is typically associated with an artesian well? - [ ] Unconfined - [ ] Surface aquifer - [x] Confined aquifer - [ ] Seawater aquifer > **Explanation:** Artesian wells are associated with confined aquifers, where water is under pressure. ### What factor allows an artesian well to naturally push water to the surface? - [x] Hydrostatic pressure - [ ] Surface absorption - [ ] Gravity suction - [ ] Atmospheric pressure > **Explanation:** The hydrostatic pressure in a confined aquifer forces water to rise when the aquifer is tapped by a well. ### Can water from an artesian well still be unsafe for consumption? - [x] Yes, it should be tested - [ ] No, it is always safe - [ ] Only if it passes through filters - [ ] Only after boiling > **Explanation:** Despite natural filtration, the water should always be tested to ensure it is safe for consumption. ### What denotes a flowing artesian well? - [ ] Water seeps intermittently - [ ] Requires a pump for water extraction - [ ] Runs dry regularly - [x] Water continuously flows to the surface > **Explanation:** A flowing artesian well continuously discharges water to the surface due to adequate natural pressure. ### In what environment are artesian wells typically found? - [ ] Mountain tops - [x] Valleys and plains - [ ] Coastal bays - [ ] Desert sands > **Explanation:** Artesian wells are usually found in valleys and plains where confined aquifers can be easily reached. ### What maintenance might an artesian well require? - [ ] Frequent pumping system repairs - [ ] Regular freshwater treatment - [x] Periodic water quality testing and well casing inspections - [ ] Routine desalination > **Explanation:** Periodic water quality testing and well casing inspection are essential maintainances for an artesian well. ### What is the term for the permeable rock layer in an artesian wells structure? - [ ] Caprock - [ ] Bedrock - [x] Aquifer - [ ] Perchlorate > **Explanation:** The permeable rock layer that holds groundwater is referred to as an aquifer. ### Why might builders choose an artesian well over a conventional well? - [ ] For aesthetic appeal - [ ] To access saline water - [x] To benefit from low-cost, naturally pressurized water - [ ] For using less drilling equipment > **Explanation:** Builders opt for artesian wells to benefit from the naturally pressurized water, reducing the need for mechanical pumping and associated costs. ### Which of the following can impact the yield and sustainability of an artesian well? - [ ] Decorative structures - [x] Recharge rates and human activity - [ ] Surface flora variety - [ ] Proximity to other water bodies > **Explanation:** The yield and sustainability of an artesian well are significantly influenced by recharge rates and human activity around the aquifer